Borne out of twentiethcentury science and technology, the field of rf radio frequency linear accelerators has made significant contributions to basic research, energy, medicine, and national defense. The spallation neutron source accelerator system design inspire. The main features of radiofrequency linear accelerators are introduced. Theory, design and tests on a prototype module of a. Bnl514, in proceedings of the 1979 linear accelerator conference brookhaven national laboratory, upton, ny, 1980, p. Linear accelerators principles, history, and applications. Wangler, principles of rf linear accelerators wiley, new york, 1998. A onehour lecture on rf linear accelerators linacs and a tenhour course were given to the cas students. The abstract cern, geneva, switzerland mario weiss introduction to rf linear accelerators. Nov 21, 2008 rf linear accelerators is a textbook that is based on a us particle accelerator school graduatelevel course that fills the need for a single introductory source on linear accelerators.
Wangler 17 coupled resonator model for standing wave accelerator tanks. Nov 25, 2020 principles of rf linear accelerators by thomas p. Rf linear accelerators 9783527406807 by wangler, thomas p. A bunch of potassium ions were accelerated to 50 kev in a system of drift tubes in an evacuated glass cylinder.
A linear particle accelerator often shortened to linac is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline. It focuses and accelerates by means of electrical radio frequency rf quadrupole fields. Introduction to rf linear accelerators mario weiss cern, geneva, switzerland abstract the basic features of rf linear accelerators are described. The physics and technology of ion sources 2004 isbn. Lowlevel rf control of a klystron for medical linear. Us20120126727a1 subnanosecond beam pulse radio frequency. Wangler, rf quadrupole beam dynamics design studies, report no.
Rf engineering for particle accelerators, oxford, uk. As we advance into the twentyfirst century, the linac field has been undergoing rapid development as the demand for its many applications, emphasizing highenergy, highintensity, and. Frequency rf cavities v e e e e v circular accelerators use one or a small number of rf cavities and make use of repeated passage through them. An introduction, oxford university press 2000 by klaus wille.
Request pdf linear accelerator for security, industrial and medical applications with rapid beam parameter variation radiabeam has developed a novel, flexible linac for electrons and xrays. The cavity design is a compromise among several factors such as the field stability, compactness, mechanical strength and fabrication cost. Figure 3 shows the simulation results in terms of the betafactor for the coupler placed at a distance of 42 mm from the triplet housing. Wangler, principles of rf linear accelerators wiley, new yo. At of hundreds of mhz, developed for radar purposes, was a great asset.
Although some resonant linear accelerators have been constructed with very large or inductive structures, most present accelerators use resonant cavities or waveguides with dimensions less than 1 m to. Why linear accelerators basic concepts 2 periodic accelerating structures2. The mixi concept relies on a linacbased, adaptive, ramped energy source of short xray packets of pulses, a new type of fast xray detector, rapid processing of detector signals for intelligent. Wangler, rf linear accelerators conte and mackay, an introduction of the physics of particle accelerators edwards and syphers, an introduction to the physics of high energy accelerators wiedemann, particle accelerator physics wille, the physics of particle accelerators an introduction sy lee, accelerator physics. Physics of collective beam instabilities in high energy accelerators. Lee, accelerator physics cern accelerator school notes, various subjects handbook a. Microwave accelerator subsystems and components springerlink. In this chapter we have discussed the design and function of the key microwave accelerator components and subsystems that must be successfully integrated for proper accelerator system function. The radiofrequency quadrupole rfq is a linear accelerator structure for lowvelocity ions. In order to accelerate, each element has to generate an electric field in the region crossed by the beam, usually consisting of a gap between two metallic plates fig. Rf linear accelerators is a textbook that is based on a us particle accelerator school graduatelevel course that fills the need for a single introductory source on linear accelerators.
Physics and technology of linear accelerator systems. Wideroe linac 1928 on a proposal by ising dated 1925. As the cost of the rf gene rally represents the main expense of the linac structure apart from the building, the choice of the rf structure has to be studied very carefully. Wangler, principles of rf linear accelerators, jone wiley. Rf measurements and numerical simulations for the model of. In the rfq, the use of rf electric fields for radial focusing, combined with special programming of the bunching, allows highcurrent dc beams to be captured and. Emittance growth has long been a concern in linear accelerators, as has the idea that some kind of energy balance, or equipartitioning, between the. Tigner, handbook of accelerator physics and engineering beam optics d. The concept of the loaded cavity, essential for the synchronism wave particle, is introduced, and.
Since then, many linear accelerator structures have been developed and built, and the same time the development of a 3 ghz electron linear accelerator at slac was under built in berkeley his famous proton drift tube linac of 32 mev, operating at 200 mhz. Wangler, rf linear accelerator dispersion curve of discloaded tw structure, 2 3 rf phase shifts by 2. Vrentinar linear accelerators cern accelerator school. In most linac applications, the klystron is used as an amplifier, so an input signal is required. However, i must now emphasize one important detail. Linear accelerators manchester particle physics the university of. Design, development, and acceleration trials of radio. Rf linear accelerators wiley online books wiley online library. Carey, the optics of charged particle beams linear accelerators t. Theory, design and tests on a prototype module of a compact. Essbilbao light ion linear accelerator 1 is conceived as a multipurpose machine that will be the core of a standalone accelerator facility in southern europe and that ful. This paper presents only the principle of an rf cavity.
The field in the gap oscillates with time at a given rf. Rf linear accelerators, 2nd, completely revised and. The short lecture introduced the student s to rf specifics and beam dynamics basics giving. The purpose of this course is to introduce to the physics and technology of charged particle accelerators, design of various types of large accelerators and their systems required for operation. Longitudinal and transverse dynamics in linacs dr graeme burt lancaster university some elements from wangler, rf linear accelerators, s. A wave with an oblique incidence on a conducting plane is shown in fig. The accelerator is designed to be modular and should serve as a benchmark for components and subsystems relevant. The spallation neutron source sns was designed and constructed by a collaboration of six u. Rf linear accelerators, 2nd, completely revised and enlarged. They can capture high current dc beams at low energy and convert them to a bunched beam with high efficiency and small emittance growth. The spallation neutron source accelerator system design.
Introduction to rf linear accelerators maurizio vretenar maurizio vretenar cern abrfcern ab rf 1. Rf linear accelerators is a textbook that is based on a us particle accelerator school graduatelevel course that fills the need for a single introductory source on. Massachusetts institute of technology rf cavities and components for accelerators uspas 2010. Cyclotrons, synchrotrons and their variants linear accelerators use many cavities through which the particle passes only once. Wangler rf linear accelerators related titles padamsee, h. Slac is the worlds longest linac 3 km stanford linear accelerator center slac, 50 gev, 2856 mhz roomtemperature electron linac fixedtarget facility slac beginning in 1966 electronpositron linear collider slc beginning in 1989, burt richter et al. Introduction to linear accelerators library without. Hanna, rf linear accelerators for medical and industrial applications artech house, 685 canton street norwood, ma 02062, 2012. The material contained here k based on my lectures on rf linear accelerators presented for the u.
Radiofrequency linear accelerators 438 frequency rf is usually applied to resonant accelerators, it is somewhat misleading. Linear accelerator for security, industrial and medical. Wangler, rf linear accelerators rf superconductivity h. Linac coherent light source lcls beginning 2009, uses electrons. Electrons can be resonantly accelerated, along an almost linear orbit, by an rf electric field. Wangler, rf linear accelerators rf superconductivity. The drift tube was the first accelerating system which had earthed potential on both sides, i. Mar 21, 2008 rf linear accelerators is a textbook that is based on a us particle accelerator school graduatelevel course that fills the need for a single introductory source on linear accelerators. Many thanks to tom wangler for its wonderful and very useful book on linacs and. Highbrightness rf linear accelerators springerlink. The basic features of rf linear accelerators are described. Important topics have included the various microwave tubes, the highvoltage systems used to drive them, and the various microwave engineering components. Rf design of a low energy linac has been carried out using microwave studio and astra codes. Wangler, thomas abstract the first book that provides a single source of introductory information an all linear accelerators, including electron and ion accelerators.
The text provides the scientific principles and uptodate technological aspects for both electron and ion linacs. Accelerator systems division oak rid 7 ge national laboratory march 1012, 2003 accelerator physics resources. Wangler, rf linear accelerator, wileyvch, weinheim, 2008. In a linear accelerator linac charged particles acquire energy moving on a linear path. The sns accelerator system consists of a 1 gev linear accelerator and an accumulator ring providing 1. The concept of the loaded cavity, essential for the synchronism waveparticle, is introduced, and formulae describing the action of elec tromagnetic fields on the beam are given. A onehour lecture on rf linear accelerators linacs coupled with a sixhours.
The rf field so applied will focus, bunch and accelerate the ions along the beam axis in the. Rf measurements and numerical simulations for the model. Principles of rf linear accelerators 1998 edition open. Pdf rf measurements and tuning of the 750 mhz hfrfq. More precise information can be found in the cas dedicated to rf 3. Radio frequency system klystronsbelong to the class of tubes called linear beam tubes. Many thanks to tom wangler for its wonderful and very useful book on linacs and his. Superconducting rf srf accelerator physics and engineering. We shall concentrate our study on them, leaving out devices such as induction linacs which operate in a pulsed manner.
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